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Summary


FROM THE PEN OF REŞİT RİZA, WITH AKSEKİ’S COMMENTARY: THE LANGUAGE OF THE VERSES: MUHKEM AND MUTASHABIH

This article analyzes the textual structure of the Quran in the context of muhkam and mutashabih verses. The original scholarly text by Rashid Rida was meticulously translated into Ottoman Turkish by Ahmet Hamdi Akseki. This study aims to make this Ottoman text accessible in modern Turkish, helping readers understand the fundamental concepts of Islamic creed regarding the debate on muhkam and mutashabih. The article emphasizes that a correct understanding of a text requires mastery of its language and discipline. It states that the muhkam verses are the "mother of the Book" and form the foundation of Islamic belief. In contrast, it warns that the misinterpretation of mutashabih verses, which deal with topics like the attributes of God and the unseen world, has historically led to the emergence of deviant sects such as those advocating for tashbih and hulul. The article examines two main approaches to this issue. The first is the Salafi school, which holds that while one should believe in the apparent meaning of these verses, leaving their true interpretation solely to God is the safest path. The second is the Khalafi school, which considers it a more knowledgeable and sound approach to interpret mutashabih verses metaphorically and allegorically, in a way that aligns with reason and the muhkam verses. The text emphasizes that both approaches converge on the principle of tanzih—upholding God as transcendent and free from any human-like attributes. It concludes that mutashabih verses can be understood within the rich literary context of the Arabic language and, when interpreted correctly, have the power to strengthen faith and purify the soul. Ultimately, the article suggests that mutashabih verses are not merely a classical theological debate but a fundamental mechanism that makes the Quran a universal and dynamic text.



Keywords
Muhkam, Mutashabih, Ta'wil (Interpretation/Allegorical Reading), Rashid Rida.

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